CTFL4 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level CTFL 4.0 Exam Dumps

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CTFL4 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level CTFL 4.0 exam contains 40 questions, and you have 60 minutes to answer all the questions. The total points is 40. The required passing score for the ISTQB certification CTFL4 exam is 26. The CTFL 4.0 certification is suitable for anyone who needs to demonstrate practical knowledge of the fundamental concepts of software testing. We provide the latest ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level CTFL 4.0 CTFL4 exam dumps, which are valuable for you to pass. Free ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level CTFL 4.0 CTFL4 exam dumps are available below.

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1. The tests at the bottom layer of the test pyramid:

run faster than the tests at the top layer of the pyramid

cover larger pieces of functionalities than the tests at the top layer of the pyramid

are defined as 'Ul Tests' or 'End-To-End tests' in the different models of the pyramid

are unscripted tests produced by experience-based test techniques

2. Test automation allows you to:

demonstrate the absence of defects

produce tests that are less subject to human errors

avoid performing exploratory testing

increase test process efficiency by facilitating management of defects

3. Which of the following statements about how different types of test tools support testers is true?

The support offered by a test data preparation tool is often leveraged by testers to run automated regression test suites

The support offered by a performance testing tool is often leveraged by testers to run load tests

The support offered by a bug prediction tool is often used by testers to track the bugs they found

The support offered by a continuous integration tool is often leveraged by testers to automatically generate test cases from a model

4. Which of the following statements about branch coverage is true?

The minimum number of test cases needed to achieve full branch coverage, is usually lower than that needed to achieve full statement coverage

If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all unconditional branches within the code have surely been exercised

If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all combinations of conditions in a decision table have surely been exercised

Exercising at least one of the decision outcomes for all decisions within the code, ensures achieving full branch coverage

5. Consider the following simplified version of a state transition diagram that specifies the behavior of a video poker game:

What Is the minimum number of test cases needed to cover every unique sequence of up to 3 states/2 transitions starting In the "Start" state and ending In the "End" state?

6. Consider a given test plan which, among others, contains the following three sections: "Test Scope", "Testing Communication", and "Stakeholders".

The features of the test object to be tested and those excluded from the testing represent information that is:

not usually included in a test plan, and therefore in the given test plan it should not be specified neither within the three sections mentioned, nor within the others

usually included in a test plan and, in the given test plan, it is more likely to be specified within "Test Scope" rather than in the other two sections mentioned

usually included in a test plan and, in the given test plan, it is more likely to be specified within "Testing Communication" rather than in the other two sections mentioned

usually included in a test plan and, in the given test plan, it is more likely to be specified within "Stakeholders" rather than in the other two sections mentioned

7. An alphanumeric password must be between 4 and 7 characters long and must contain at least one numeric character, one capital (uppercase) letter and one lowercase letter of the alphabet.

Which one of the following sets of test cases represents the correct outcome of a two-value boundary value analysis applied to the password length? (Note: test cases are separated by a semicolon)

1xA;aB11;Pq1ZZab;7iDD0a1x

aB11;99rSp:5NnN10;7iDD0a1x

1xB: aB11: 99rSp: 5NnN10; 4NnN10T; 44ghWn19

1RhT;rSp53;3N3e10;8sBdby

8. A company wants to reward each of its salespeople with an annual bonus that represents the sum of all the bonuses accumulated for every single sale made by that salesperson. The bonus for a single sale can take on the following four values: 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% (the percentage refers to the amount of the single sale). These values are determined on the basis of the type of customer (classified as "Basic" or "Premium") to which such sale was made, and on the amount of such sale classified into the following three groups G1, G2 and G3:

• [G1]: less than 300 euros

• [G2]: between 300 and 2000 euros

• [G3]: greater than 2000 euros

Which of the following is the minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table associated with this scenario?

9. Which of the following statements is true?

Experience-based test techniques rely on the experience of testers to identify the root causes of defects found by black-box test techniques

Some of the most common test basis used by white-box test techniques include user stories, use cases and business processes

Experience-based test techniques are often useful to detect hidden defects that have not been targeted by black-box test techniques

The primary goal of experience-based test techniques is to design test cases that can be easily automated using a GUI-based test automation tool

10. A new web app aims at offering a rich user experience. As a functional tester, you have run some functional tests to verify that, before releasing the app, such app works correctly on several mobile devices, all of which are listed as supported devices within the requirements specification. These tests were performed on stable and isolated test environments where you were the only user interacting with the application. All tests passed, but in some of those tests you observed the following issue: on some mobile devices only, the response time for two web pages containing images was extremely slow.

Based only on the given information, which of the following recommendation would you follow?

You should open a defect report providing detailed information on which devices and by running which tests you observed the issue

The issue is related to performance efficiency, not functionality. Thus, as a functional tester, you should not open any defect report as all the functional tests passed

You should not open any defect report as the problem is most likely due to poor hardware equipment on the devices where you observed the issue

You should not open any defect report and inform the test manager that the devices on which you observed the issue should no longer be supported so that they will be removed from the requirements specification

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11. For each of the test cases to be executed, the following table specifies the priority order and dependencies on other test cases

Which of the following test execution schedules is compatible with the logical dependencies and allows executing the test cases in priority order?

TC4, TC3, TC2, TC6, TC5. TC1

TC4, TC6, TC3, TC2, TC5, TC1

TC3, TC5, TC6, TC1, TC4, TC3

TC4, TC3, TC2, TC6, TC1, TC5

12. Which of the following statements best describes how configuration management supports testing?

Configuration management helps reduce testing effort by identifying a manageable number of test environment configurations in which to test the software, out of all possible configurations of the environment in which the software will be released

Configuration management is an administrative discipline that includes change control, which is the process of controlling the changes to identified items referred to as Configuration Items'

Configuration management is an approach to interoperability testing where tests are executed in the cloud, as the cloud can provide cost-effective access to multiple configurations of the test environments

Configuration management helps ensure that all relevant project documentation and software items are uniquely identified in all their versions and therefore can be unambiguously referenced in test documentation

13. Which of the following statements about exploratory testing is true?

Exploratory testing is an experience-based test technique in which testers explore the requirements specification to detect non testable requirements

When exploratory testing is conducted following a session-based approach, the issues detected by the testers can be documented in session sheets

Exploratory testing is an experience-based test technique used by testers during informal code reviews to find defects by exploring the source code

In exploratory testing, testers usually produce scripted tests and establish bidirectional traceability between these tests and the items of the test basis

14. In a two-hour uninterrupted test session, performed as part of an iteration on an Agile project, a heuristic checklist was used to help the tester focus on some specific usability issues of a web application.

The unscripted tests produced by the tester's experience during such session belong to which one of the following testing quadrants?

15. Which of the following is not an example of a typical content of a test completion report for a test project?

The additional effort spent on test execution compared to what was planned

The unexpected test environment downtime that resulted in slower test execution

The residual risk level if a risk-based test approach was adopted

The test procedures of all test cases that have been executed

16. Which of the following statements about error guessing is true?

Error guessing is a system that adopts artificial intelligence to predict whether software components are likely to contain defects or not

Experienced testers, when applying error guessing, rely on the use of a high-level list of what needs to be tested as a guide to find defects

Error guessing refers to the ability of a system or component to continue normal operation despite the presence of erroneous inputs

Experienced testers, when applying error guessing technique, can anticipate where errors, defects and failures have occurred and target their tests at those issues

17. Which of the following is a task the Author is responsible for, as part of a typical formal review?

Determining the people who will be involved in the review

Recording the anomalies found during the review meeting

Identifying potential anomalies in the work product under review

Fixing the anomalies found in the work product under review

18. The whole-team approach:

promotes the idea that all team members should have a thorough understanding of test techniques

is a consensus-based approach that engages the whole team in estimating the user stories

promotes the idea that all team members should be responsible for the quality of the product

is mostly adopted in projects aimed at developing safety-critical systems, as it ensures the highest level of testing independence

19. Consider the following user story about the authentication functionality of an e-commerce website: "As a logged-in user, I want to change my current password with a new one, so that I can make my account safer".

The following are some of the acceptance criteria defined for the user story:

[a] After the logged-in user has successfully changed his password, an email confirming the change must be sent to him

[b] To successfully change the password, the logged-in user must enter the current password, enter a new valid password, and finally confirm by pressing the 'Change Password' button

[c] To be valid, the new password entered by the logged-in user is not only required to meet the criteria related to the length and type of characters, but must also be different form the last 5 passwords of that user

[d] A dedicated error message must be presented to the logged-in user when he enters a wrong current password

[e] A dedicated error message must be presented to the logged-in user when he enters the correct current password, but enters an invalid password

Based only on the given information, which of the following ATDD tests is most likely to be written first?

The logged-in user enters a wrong current password and views the dedicated error message

The logged-in user enters the correct current password, enters a valid new password (different from the last 5 passwords), presses the Change Password' button, and finally receives the e-mail confirming that the password has been successfully changed

The logged-in user enters the correct current password, enters an invalid password, and finally views the dedicated error

The logged-in user submits a purchase order containing ten items, selects to pay with a Visa credit card, enters credit card information of a valid card, presses the 'Confirm' button, and finally views the dedicated message confirming that the purchase has been successful

20. Which of the following is not an example of a typical generic skill required for testing?

Be able to apply test-driven development

Be able to use test management tools and defect tracking tools

Be able to communicate defects and failures to developers as objectively as possible

Possess the necessary social skills that support effective teamwork

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21. Which of the following is a test task that usually occurs during test implementation?

Make sure the planned test environment is ready to be delivered

Find, analyze, and remove the causes of the failures highlighted by the tests

Archive the testware for use in future test projects

Gather the metrics that are used to guide the test project

22. Which of the following statements is true?

A defect does not always produce a failure, while a bug always produces a failure

A defect may cause a failure which, when occurring, always causes an error

Failures can be caused by defects, but also by environmental conditions

Bugs are defects found during component testing, while failures are defects found at higher test levels

23. Which of the following statements about white-box test techniques is true?

Achieving full statement coverage and full branch coverage for a software product means that such software product has been fully tested and there are no remaining bugs within the code

Code-related white-box test techniques are not required to measure the actual code coverage achieved by black-box testing, as code coverage can be measured using the coverage criteria associated with black-box test techniques

Branch coverage is the most thorough code-related white-box test technique, and therefore applicable standards prescribe achieving full branch coverage at the highest safety levels for safety-critical systems

Code-related white-box test techniques provide an objective measure of coverage and can be used to complement black-box test techniques to increase confidence in the code

24. Which of the following statements is true?

In Agile software development, work product documentation tends to be lightweight and manual tests tend to be often unscripted as they are often produced using experience-based test techniques

Sequential development models impose the use of systematic test techniques and do not allow the use of experience-based test techniques

In Agile software development, the first iterations are exclusively dedicated to testing activities, as testing will be used to drive development, which will be performed in the subsequent iterations

Both in Agile software development and in sequential development models, such as the V-model, test levels tend to overlap since they do not usually have defined entry and exit criteria

25. Which of the following statements about the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products is not true?

Traceability can be useful for assessing the impact of a change to a test basis item on the corresponding tests

Traceability can be useful for determining how many test basis items are covered by the corresponding tests

Traceability can be useful for determining the most suitable test techniques to be used in a testing project

Traceability can be useful to support the needs required by the auditing of testing

26. Which of the following statements refers to good testing practice to be applied regardless of the chosen software development model?

Tests should be written in executable format before the code is written and should act as executable specifications that drive coding

Test levels should be defined such that the exit criteria of one level are part of the entry criteria for the next level

Test objectives should be the same for all test levels, although the number of tests designed at various levels can vary significantly

Involvement of testers in work product reviews should occur as early as possible to take advantage of the early testing principle

27. A virtual service emulating a real third-party service and the automated test scripts (aimed at testing the system under test) that interact with that service, are test work products that are typically created during:

Test monitoring and control

Test implementation

Test design

Test analysis

28. The following rules determine the annual bonus to be paid to a salesman of a company based on the total annual amount of the sales made (referred to as TAS).

If the TAS is between 50k and 80k, the bonus is 10%. If the TAS exceeds 80k by a value not greater than 40k, the bonus is 15%. Finally, if the TAS

exceeds the maximum threshold which entitles to a 15% bonus, the bonus is 22%.

Consider applying equivalence partitioning to the TAS (Note: 1k = 1000 euros).

Which one of the following answers contain only test cases that belong to the same equivalence partition?

TC1 = 81 k; TC2= 97k; TC3=111k; TC4=118k

TC1 = 40k; TC2= 46k; TC3=51k; TC4=53k

TC1 = 79k; TC2= 80k; TC3=81k; TC4=82k

TC1 = 90k; TC2= 110k; TC3=125k: TC4=140k

29. A typical objective of testing is to ensure that:

testing is used to drive the development of a software

a software has been tested using a combination of test techniques

there are no defects in a software that is about to be released

a software has been properly covered

30. Consider the following examples of risks identified in different software development projects:

[I]. The contrast color ratio for both normal text and large text of a website does not comply with the applicable accessibility guidelines, making it difficult for many users to read the content on the pages

[II]. A development vendor fails to deliver their software system on time, causing significant delays to system integration testing activities that have been planned as part of a development project for a system of systems

[III]. People in the test team do not have sufficient skills to automate tests at the test levels required by the test automation strategy which does not allow production of an effective regression test suite [IV]. In a web application, data from untrusted sources is not subject to proper input validation, making the application vulnerable to several security attacks

Which of the following statements is true?

[I] and [III] are product risks; [II] and [IV] are project risks

[I] and [IV] are product risks. [II] and [III] are project risks

[II], [III] and [IV] are product risks; [I] is a project risk

[IV] is a product risk; [I]. [II] and [III] are project risks

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31. Following a risk-based testing approach you have designed 10 tests to cover a product risk with a high-risk level. You want to estimate, adopting the three-point test estimation technique, the test effort required to reduce the risk level to zero by executing those 10 tests.

You made the following three initial estimates:

• most optimistic = 6 person hours

• most likely = 30 person hours

• most pessimistic = 54 person hours

Based only on the given information, which of the following answers about the three-point test

estimation technique applied to this problem is true?

The final estimate is between 22 person hours and 38 person hours

The final estimate is exactly 30 person hours because the technique uses the initial most likely estimate as the final estimate

The final estimate is between 6 person hours and 54 person hours

The final estimate is exactly 30 person hours because the technique uses the arithmetic mean of the three initial estimates as the final estimate

32. The acceptance criteria associated with a user story:

are often written in a rule-oriented format using the template referred to as "Given/When/Then"

are often documented following in rule-oriented format using the following template: "As a [role], I want [feature], so that I can [benefit]"

can be written in different formats and represent an aspect of a user story referred to as confirmation' of the so called "3 C's"

must be written in one of the two following formats: scenario-oriented or rule-oriented

33. Consider a review for a high-level architectural document written by a software architect. The architect does most of the review preparation work, including distributing the document to reviewers before the review meeting. However, reviewers are not required to analyze the document in advance, and during the review meeting the software architect explains the document step by step. The only goal of this review is to establish a common understanding of the software architecture that will be used in a software development project.

Which of the following review types does this review refer to?

Inspection

Audit

Walkthrough

Informal review

34. Which of the following statements about the shift-left approach is true?

Shift-left in testing can be implemented only in Agile/DevOps frameworks, as it relies completely on automated testing activities performed within a continuous integration process

Performance testing performed during component testing, is a form of shift-left in testing that avoids planning and executing costly end-to-end testing at the system test level in a production-like environment

Shift-left in testing can be implemented in several ways to find functional defects early in the lifecycle, but it cannot be relied upon to find defects associated with non-functional characteristics

Continuous integration supports shift-left in testing as it can reduce the time between the introduction of a defect and its detection, thereby reducing the cost to fix it

35. The fact that defects are usually not evenly distributed among the various modules that make up a software application, but rather their distribution tend to reflect the Pareto principle:

is a false myth

is expressed by the testing principle referred to as Tests wear out'

is expressed by the testing principle referred to as 'Defects cluster together'

is expressed by the testing principle referred to as 'Bug prediction'

36. Which of the following statements is true?

Functional testing focuses on what the system should do while non-functional testing on the internal structure of the system

Non-functional testing includes testing of both technical and non-technical quality characteristics

Testers who perform functional tests are generally expected to have more technical skills than testers who perform non-functional tests

The test techniques that can be used to design white-box tests are described in the ISO/IEC 25010 standard

37. Which of the following work products cannot be examined by static analysis?

Test plans

Source code

Compiled code

Formal models

38. Confirmation testing is performed after:

a defect is fixed and after other tests do not find any side-effect introduced in the software as a result of such fix

a failed test, and aims to run that test again to confirm that the same behavior still occurs and thus appears to be reproducible

the execution of an automated regression test suite to confirm the absence of false positives in the test results

a defect is fixed, and if such testing is successful then the regression tests that are relevant for such fix can be executed

39. Which of the following statements about static testing and dynamic testing is true?

Unlike dynamic testing, which can be also performed manually, static testing cannot be performed without specialized tools

Static testing is usually much less cost-effective than dynamic testing

Unlike dynamic testing, which focuses on detecting potential defects, static testing focuses on detecting failures which may be due to actual defects

Both static testing and dynamic testing can be used to highlight issues associated with non-functional characteristics

40. Which of the following is a test-first approach, where tests that express a shared understanding from stakeholders of how the application is expected to work, are first written in business-readable language (following the Given/When/Then format), and then made executable to drive development?

Test-Driven Development (TDD)

Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD)

Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)

Domain-Driven Design (DDD)

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41. Which of the following statements is not correct?

Looking for defects in a system may require Ignoring system details

Identifying defects may be perceived as criticism against product

Looking for defects in system requires professional pessimism and curiosity

Testing is often seen as a destructive activity instead of constructive activity

42. Which of the following s the most correct statement about state testing techniques?

Static techniques can be used before all code is ready for execution

Static techniques find more detects then dynamic techniques.

Static techniques can be used by inexperienced users.

Static techniques are always cheaper than dynamic techniques.

43. A test manager decided to skip static testing since he believes bugs can be found easily by doing dynamic testing. Was this decision right or wrong?

The decision was wrong. Ensuring quality mandates that static testing is performed after performing the dynamic testing.

The decision was right. Static testing is usually redundant if a product is planned to go through a full-cycle of dynamic testing.

The decision was right. Most of the bugs are easier to identify during the dynamic testing.

The decision was wrong. Static testing can find defects early in the development process, reducing the overall cost of testing and development

44. In which of the following test documents would you expect to find test exit criteria described9

Test design specification

Project plan

Requirements specification

Test plan

45. The following 4 equivalence classes are given:

Which of the following alternatives includes correct test values for x. based on equivalence partitioning?

-100; 100:1000; 1001

-500; 0; 100; 1000

-99; 99:101; 1001

-1000; -100; 100; 1000

46. Which of the following coverage criteria results in the highest coverage for state transition based test cases?

Can't be determined

Covering all transitions at least once

Covering only start and end states

Covering all states at least once

47. Which of the following lists factors That contribute to PROJECT risks?

skill and staff shortages; problems in defining the right requirements, contractual issues.

skill and staff shortages; software does not perform its intended functions; problems in defining the right requirements.

problems in defining the right requirements; contractual issues; poor software quality characteristics.

poor software quality characteristics; software does not perform its intended functions.

48. Which sequence of stated in the answer choices is correct in accordance with the following figure depicting the life-cycle of a defect?

S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S1

S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S1->S2->S3

S0->S1->S2~>S3->S4

S0->S1 ->S2->S3->S5->S3->S4

49. A Test Manager conducts risk assessment for a project. One of the identified risks is: The sub-contractor may fail to meet his commitment". If this risk materializes. it will lead to delay in completion of testing required for the current cycle.

Which of the following sentences correctly describes the risk?

A. It is a product risk since any risk associated with development timeline is a product risk.

B. It is no longer a risk for the Test Manager since an independent party (the sub-contractor) is now managing it

C. It is a object risk since successful completion of the object depends on successful and timely completion of the tests

D. It is a product risk since default on part of the sub-contractor may lead to delay in release of the product

CTFL4 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level CTFL 4.0 Exam Dumps

CTFL4 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level CTFL 4.0 Exam Dumps

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