NAHQ Certified Professional in Healthcare Quality CPHQ Exam Dumps

1. “Underuse is evidence by the fact that many scientifically sound practices are not used as often they should be, For example, biannual mammography screening in woman ages 40 to 69 has been proven beneficial and yet is performed less than 75 percent of the time.” This is the categorization of:

2. __________ is a term applied when the proper clinical car process is not executed appropriately, such as giving the wrong drug to a patient or incorrectly administering the correct drug.

3. Crossing the Quality Chasm provided a blueprint for the future that classified and unified the components of quality through six aims for improvement, chain of effects, and simple rules for redesign of healthcare. The six aims for improvement, viewed also six dimensions of quality.

Which of the following is NOT out of those dimensions?

4. ______________ can be measured by how well evidence-based practices are followed, such as the percentage of time diabetic patients receive all recommended care at each doctor visit, the percentage of hospital-acquired infections, or the percentage of patients who develop pressure ulcers (bed sores) while in the nursing home.

5. Today’s patients’ perception of the quality of our healthcare system is not favourable. In healthcare, qualityis household word that evokes great emotion, including:

6. There is a story of an intensive care unit (ICU) at Dominican Hospital in Santa Cruz Country, California. Dominican, a 379-bed community hospital, is part of the 41-hospital Catholic Healthcare West system. “We used to replace ventilator circuit for incubated patients daily because we thought this helped to prevent pneumonia,” explained Lee Vanderpool, vice president. “”But the evidence shows that the more you interfere with that device, the more often you risk introducing infection. It turns out it is often better to leave it alone until it begins to become cloudy, or ‘gunky,’ as the no clinicians say.”

The hospital staff learned an important lesson from this experience that:

7. A number of attributes can characterize the quality of healthcare services. As, there are different groups involved in healthcare, such as physicians, patients and health insurers, tend to attach different levels of importance to particular attributes and as a result define quality care differently.

Which of the following is/are NOT out of those attributes?

8. Quality and technical performance refers to how well current scientific medical knowledge and technology are applied in a given situation.

It is usually assessed in terms of:

9. The quality of amenities of care refers to the characteristics of the setting in which the encounter between patient and clinician takes place, such as:

10. Amenities may cover areas as mentioned below EXCEPT:

11. _________________ refers to the “degree to which individuals and groups are able to obtain needed services.”

12. In earlier formulations, responsiveness to patients’ preferences was just one of the factors seen as determining the quality of patient clinician interpersonal relationship. But, now it is translated into many factors.

Which of the following is out of such factors?

13. Efficiency refers how well resources are used in achieving a given result. Efficiency whenever the resources used to produce a given output are _____________.

14. In general, as the amounts spent on providing services for a particular condition grow, diminishing returns set in meaning that each unit of expenditure yield ever-smaller benefits until a point where ________________.

15. “Quality is the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge.”

This is the definition of Quality care often quoted by:

16. “Likelihood of desired health outcomes” corresponds to clinicians’ view that, with respect to outcomes, there are only probabilities, not certainties, owing to factors-such as patients’ genetically determined physiological reliance-that influence:

17. In fact, because patients’ satisfaction is so influenced by __________________ rather than to the more indiscernible technical ones-health maintenance organizations, hospitals and other health care delivery organizations have come to view the quality of nontechnical aspects of care as crucial to attractions and retaining patients.

18. Payers are more likely to embrace the optimization definition of care which can put them at odds with:

19. The manager’s perspective on quality differs markedly from that of clinicians and patients on:

20. Strong disagreement do arise, among the five parties’ definitions (i.e. the clinician’s, the patient’s the payers, the manager’s and the society’s), even outside the realm of cost effectiveness.

Conflicts typically arise when:

21. All the evaluations of quality of care can be classified in terms of one three aspects of care giving they measure.

Which of the following is/are NOT out of these measures?

22. When quality is measured in terms of structure the focus is on the relatively static characteristics of the individuals who provide care and of the settings where the care is delivered. These characteristics include ____________ of professionals who provide care and the adequacy of the facility’s equipment, and overall organization.

23. Licensing and accrediting bodies have relied heavily on structural measures of quality not only because the measures are relatively stable and thus easier to capture but:

24. Ordering the correct diagnostic procedure for a patient is a measure of _________. When evaluating the process of care, however, appropriateness is only half the story. The other half is in how well and how promptly (i.e. skill-fully) the procedure was carried out.

25. Because of the goals of care can be defined broadly, outcome measures have come to include the costs of care as well as patients’ satisfaction with care.

In formulations that stress the technical aspects of care, however outcome typically refers to:

26. Knowledge about _______ is crucial to making valid judgments about quality of care using either

process or outcome measures. If we know that a given clinical intervention was undertaken in circumstances that match those, under which the intervention has been shown to be efficacious, we can be confident, that the care was appropriate and, to the extent of good quality.

27. Universities often evaluate applicants for admission on the basis of, among other things, the applicants’ scores on standardized tests. The scores are thus one of the criteria by which program judge the Quality of their applicants. However, although two programs may use the same criterion C scores on a specific standardized examination-to evaluate applicants, the programs may differ markedly on standards: One program may consider applicants acceptable if they have scores above the 50th percentile, whereas the score above the 90th percentile may be the standard of acceptability for the other program.

This example clearly defines the difference between:

28. For cheing the outcomes our focus of attention is blood pressure of patients with diabetes.

Its criteria and standard can be respectively:

29. When formulating medical standards, a critical decision that must be made is the _____ at which the standard should be set.

30. _________________ standards denote level of quality that can be reached under the best conditions, typically conditions similar to those under which efficacy is determined. These standards are especially useful as a reference points being evaluated should set as a benchmark.

31. ___________________ is a difference between an observed event and a standard or norm. Without this standard, or, best practice, measurement of variation offers little beyond a description of the observations.

32. Measurement of variation in health care and its application to quality improvement must begin with the identification and articulation of:

33. __________________ arises from a single or small set of causes that are not part of event or process and therefore can be traced, identified and implemented or eliminated. In general, researchers are interested in this variation because they can link-or-assign variation to a single specific cause and act accordingly.

34. He used his understanding of statistics to design tools to respond to variation. Following his arrival at Western Electric Co. in 1924, Shewhart introduced the concepts of common cause, special cause variation and statistical control. He designed these concepts to assist Bell Telephone of repairs within its transmission systems.

Who is he?

35. In the 1970s, Deming developed his 14 points for western Management in response to requests from U.S. managers for the secret to the radical improvement that Japanese companies were achieving in a number of industries. As part of his “system of profound knowledge,” Deming promoted that “around 15% of poor quality was because of workers, and the rest of 85% was due to bad management, improper systems and processes.” The “system” is based on parts.

Which o the following is/are NOT out of those parts?

36. Joseph juran defined quality as consisting of two different but related concepts. The first form of quality is income oriented and includes features of t he product t hat meet customer needs and thereby produce income (i.e., higher quality costs more).

The second form of quality is cost oriented and emphasizes:

37. Juran Trilogy includes all the following sub-points under the major heading of quality planning EXCEPT:

38. Overproduction

Inventory

Repairs/rejects

Motion

Processing

Waiting

Transport

These are the types of _____________ identified by Taiichiohno.

39. TQC is excellence driven rather than defect driven-a system that integrates:

40. Crossby’s quality improvement process is based on the Absolutes of Quality Management.

Which of the following is/are out of those absolutes?

41. Quality improvement approaches are derivatives and models of the ideas and theories developed by thought leaders and include all of the following EXCEPT:

42. The following diagram shows:

43. The Baldrige criteria were originally developed and applied to business; however, in 1997, healthcare-specific criteria were created to help healthcare organizations address challenges such as focusing on core competencies, introducing new technologies, reducing costs, communicating and sharing information electronically new alliance with healthcare providers, and maintaining market advantage. The Baldrige healthcare criteria are built on the set of interrelated core values and concepts.

Which of the following is NOT out of those values and concepts?

44. Baldrige’s scoring system is based on a __________point scale. Each of seven criteria is assigned maximum value ranging from 85 to 450 maximum points.

45. The weight of scoring system is based on an emphasis Baldrige places on ___________ and an organization’s ability to demonstrate performance and improvement in the following areas:

Product and service outcomes

Customer-focused outcomes

Financial and market outcomes

Workforce-focused outcomes

Process effectiveness outcomes

Leadership outcomes

46. The focus of Lean methodology is a “ba to basics” approach that places the needs of customer first through five steps.

Which of the following is NOT out of those steps?

47. Although Lean thinking focuses on removing waste and improving flow, it also has some secondary effects such as:

48. Six sigma (3.4 defects per million) is a system for improvement developed over time by Hewlett-Paard, Motorola, General Electric, and others in the 1980s and 1990s.

The aim of six sigma is:

49. By using a set of statistical tools to understand the fluctuation of a process, management can predict the expected outcome of that process. If the outcome is not satisfactory, management can use associated tools to further understand the elements influencing that process. Six sigma includes process steps which are commonly known as ____________.

50. One of the difficult things about quality is explaining how _________ is different from a process or system.

51. The American Society for Quality has formed six categories of quality tools.

Which of the following is NOT out of those categories?

52. A Japanese tool called 5S (each step starts with letter “S”) is a systematic program that helps workers take control of their workspace so that it actually works for them (and their customers) instead of being a neutral or, as is quite common, competing factor.

Which of the following is/are NOT out of these five 5S?

53. Within any unit, organization, or system, there will be barriers to spread and adoption (e.g., organizational culture, communication, leadership support).

However, failure to transfer knowledge effectively may result in:

54. Rapid cycle testing is designed to reduce the cycle time of new process implementation from months to days.

To prevent unnecessary delays in testing or implementation, teams or units using rapid cycle testing must remain focused on the testing of solutions and avoid:

55. Organizational size affects the ability to disseminate best practices

56. A social service department regularly monitors the number of inappropriate referrals, the timeliness of discharge planning, and the number of days of discharge delays.

What additional monitor should be added to evaluate the appropriateness of social service interventions?

57. The primary purpose of a management information system is to:

58. One major difference between traditional quality assurance (QA) and quality improvement (QI) is that QI:

59. Which of the following processes is most cost-effective in preventing unnecessary resource consumption in the hospital?

60. The primary benefit of adopting a countrywide or global uniform set of discharge data is to:

61. Which of the following process can be judged as having highest quality of care?